• RAW is good for white balance, contrast, and chromatic aberration
• EV – shortening the exposure time, closing your aperture
• Darkest part set at 128 = midtone
• EXR = 32-bit TIFF. Efficient way of saving HDR image.

Masks

• Don’t use magnetic lasso, use PATHS with the pen tool!
• Hold down command key while you have path tool selected to bring in points
• Hold down option key to create an arrow to rotate lines between points
• The old looking pen thing is the pen tool…paths is located under Layers/Channels/Paths
• Auto Add/Delete  – use this to remove points or to add a point
• Activate the layer to make an adjustment. For example, a color adjustment.  To remove sharp edge,  go to SELECT > Refine Edge.
• CMD + H to hide the “marching ants” (border-y thing)
• If you screw up you can always go back to the master mask.
• Hold down Option and Command keys to select one selection and remove overlapped selection
• Path is a smaller file than a layer
• Cmd + Option + R: Mask menu
• LAB – color space developed in the 1970s.
• CMYK (SWOP) = used for developing plates for printing. it is a narrow color space. Good for press.
• SRGB = generic for screen
• Adobe RGB = Adobe’s…
• ProPhoto RGB = Recommende by Brian. 90% of colors you can get in LAB.
• L stands for Lightness. The value of 1 – 100.  A stands for Magenta/Green. The value of 128 (Magenta) to -128 (Green). B stands for Yellow/Blue. The value to 128 (Yellow) to -128 (Blue).
• Everything you touch a color in RGB you change a value. That does NOT happen in LAB. You can make color changes independent of value.
• PHOTOSHOP: EDIT > Convert to Profile > Destination Space Profile [SELECT LAB].
• You can work in lab then sample down, for example, to AdobeRGB.
• Make an INVERSE of the MASK. Now you have a histogram of, for example, someone’s face. You want to reduce magenta.
• How to lighten a dark dress in LAB: Select Dress > Dupe Background Layer ? Change Blending Mode to SCREEN > (Blends a new layer) > Under Layer Styles remove A and B…keep L (value), thus only screening the value.

How To Reduce Red-Eye

@ Sarah

Red eye reduction is pretty straight forward.
1-using the Marquee tool (m on the keyboard + shift until you get to the ellipse shape).

2- marquee around the red pupil.

3-add a adjustment layer> hue saturation.

4-desaturate the eye.

5- soften the selection using select> refine edges (command option-r).  Use the feather slider to soften the edge transition.

6. if you want to make the pupil darker you can use the brighteness option in hue/saturation. While  I don’t use this adjustment layer to alter value ever, it is such a basic move, the penalty for doing so is low.

Journal of Hazardous Materials

What were the system boundaries chosen by the authors of the study?

What life cycle stage had the greatest impact?

This study focused specifically on CRTs and LCDs, as used for computer desktop displays. These devices are known for their heavy metal components which eventually turn into gas and are deposited into the water. Apparently what turns into ash then leaches into the water, so inevitably all of these toxins get into our water system.

The US-centric metrics used by the U.S. EPA in this case began in 1995 and is used to measure data in this study. The author notes that an average was taken based on location but, however, did not include occupational exposure in the data.

The potential human health toxicity and exotoxicity were determined by something the author defined as pathway and impact models averaging “toxicity potentials, sales volume over time, product weights, lifetimes of each device, and the fraction of devices landfilled and incinerated.” These devices totaled less than 1% of landfill/incinerated waste set at .82% in 2006 and .85% in 2005.

I was disturbed to learn that LCD screens contain arsenic (improved clarity of the screen) and mercury is found in backlit LCD models. A conductive film in LCDs can cause lung disease and/or cancer. If  these products continue to be made with heavy metals and continue to be incinerated or placed in landfills, they will continue to poison the air and water.

According to the study, cancer potentials from laptops and LCD monitors will most likely increase significantly between 2009-2011. Furthermore, plasma TVs will become a significant part of the equation in 2021. This is all very scary stuff. It was difficult for me to decipher from this study the greatest impact other than I assume “end of life” when materials are disposed of and the toxic heavy metals seep into our water supply and into the air.